Hot Water Evaporation Rate Calculator

Evaporation Rate Formula:

\[ Evaporation\ Rate = \frac{P \times A \times (XS - X)}{L \times \rho} \]

Pressure (P):

Area (A):

m²

Saturation Humidity Ratio (XS):

dimensionless

Ambient Humidity Ratio (X):

dimensionless

Latent Heat of Vaporization (L):

J/kg

Density (ρ):

kg/m³

Evaporation Rate:

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1. What is the Evaporation Rate Equation?

The evaporation rate equation calculates the mass flow rate of water evaporating from a hot water surface. It considers pressure, surface area, humidity differences, latent heat, and density to determine the evaporation rate in kilograms per second.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the evaporation rate formula:

\[ Evaporation\ Rate = \frac{P \times A \times (XS - X)}{L \times \rho} \]

Where:

\( P \) — Pressure (Pa)
\( A \) — Surface area (m²)
\( XS \) — Saturation humidity ratio (dimensionless)
\( X \) — Ambient humidity ratio (dimensionless)
\( L \) — Latent heat of vaporization (J/kg)
\( \rho \) — Density (kg/m³)

Explanation: The equation calculates evaporation rate based on the driving force (humidity difference) and the energy required for phase change.

3. Importance of Evaporation Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate evaporation rate calculation is crucial for designing cooling towers, estimating water loss in industrial processes, environmental studies, and HVAC system design.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in the specified units. Ensure humidity ratios are dimensionless values, pressure in Pascals, area in square meters, latent heat in J/kg, and density in kg/m³. All values must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the saturation humidity ratio?
A: The maximum amount of water vapor air can hold at a given temperature and pressure, expressed as a dimensionless ratio.

Q2: What is typical latent heat of vaporization for water?
A: At 100°C, it's approximately 2,257,000 J/kg. The value decreases slightly with increasing temperature.

Q3: How does temperature affect evaporation rate?
A: Higher temperatures increase saturation humidity ratio and decrease latent heat, both leading to higher evaporation rates.

Q4: What factors influence evaporation rate most significantly?
A: Temperature difference, surface area, and humidity difference are the most influential factors.

Q5: Can this calculator be used for other liquids?
A: The formula is general, but you need the appropriate latent heat and density values for the specific liquid.